PRECISION GENETICS Test

My i4

Genetic test for food intolerances: gluten, lactose, fructose and histamine.

My Pharma

Pharmacogenetics test: personalization of treatments.

My Pharma Oncology

Pharmacogenetics oncology test: personalization of treatments.

My Pharma chronic pain

Pharmacogenetics chronic pain test: personalization of treatments.

My Pharma neuropsychiatry

Pharmacogenetics neuropsychiatry test: personalization of treatments.

My i4

GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO INTOLERANCE

• Myi4 is the only genetic test that can determine the risk of gluten, lactose (lactase non-persistence), fructose and histamine intolerance in a single test.

• It is a non-invasive test. The DNA is obtained from a saliva sample, is completely painless and is suitable for any person of any age.

• It is performed once in a lifetime, genetics does not change.

• Myi4 analyses genetic markers with scientific validity.

• Innovative technology that offers greater precision and depth in the results.

• Once the sample has been received in the laboratory, you will receive your results within a maximum of 20 days.

Who is it aimed at?

The Myi4 test is recommended for all professionals whose patients present gastrointestinal symptoms and do not know the cause.

The test is also recommended for people with a clinical suspicion of lactose, fructose, gluten, histamine intolerance or a history of food intolerance.

What are food intolerances?

A food intolerance is an adverse reaction of the body caused by the consumption of certain foods. The most common symptoms of intolerance are headache or stomach pain, diarrhoea, excess weight, chronic fatigue, joint inflammation and skin problems. Eating foods containing substances to which we are intolerant gradually leads to severe health problems. Unfortunately, a large percentage of the population remains undiagnosed.

Why is it advisable to take the Myi4 test?

The symptoms of the intolerances (gluten, lactose and fructose) are very similar. On the other hand, histamine intolerance has a wide variety of symptoms that make it difficult to identify. This is why this genetic analysis allows us to determine the origin of the symptoms in order to treat them in a personalised and effective way. Studying how food groups affect each individual could even prevent the onset of symptoms through early diagnosis.

The Myi4 food intolerance test analyses the presence or absence of the risk markers involved in 4 types of intolerance:

Permanent gluten intolerance (celiac disease):

• HLA‐DQA1

• HLA‐DQB1

Lactose intolerance when the body stops producing lactase (lactase non-persistence):

• MCM6

Hereditary fructose intolerance (study of the most frequent mutations present in more than 92% of the cases diagnosed in the world population):

• ALDOB

Histamine intolerance (food histaminosis):

• AOC1

• HNMT

Some symptoms of food intolerances

In addition to the main symptoms, these intolerances are associated with different symptoms that disappear with an appropriate diet; some of them are:

• Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, indigestion, gas, bloating, abdominal distension, frequent, soft and very bad smelling stools.

• Lack of appetite, anorexia, anaemia and weight loss.

• Psoriasis, dermatitis herpetiformis, hair loss and weak nails.

• Male and female infertility, irregular periods, early onset of menopause, etc.

• Muscle cramps, fibromyalgia, bone and joint pain and osteoporosis.

• Coordination and movement problems, ataxia due to gluten.

• Headaches, migraines, fatigue, irritability and depression.

• Type 1 diabetes, autoimmune hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome.

• Addison’s disease. In children, it is also associated with reduced growth and weight gain.

• Fructose intolerance leads to hypoglycaemia and fructose consumption can cause irreversible liver and kidney damage.

• Histamine intolerance can cause a wide range of symptoms, which can vary from person to person: gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive, skin and nervous system symptoms.

Celiac disease

Celiac disease is an autoimmune pathology with a genetic predisposition, determined by several alleles of the HLA system. The presence of these alleles causes an adverse reaction to gluten in some people. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, barley and products derived from these cereals.

Celiac disease is characterised by atrophy of the villi of the intestinal mucosa and malabsorption of nutrients due to exposure to gluten, leading to malnutrition and intestinal problems, among others.

Lactose intolerance

Lactose (milk sugar) intolerance is very common, usually caused by a lactase deficiency (hypolactasia) that is acquired with age. When the activity of this enzyme is very low, lactose cannot be digested, causing abdominal pain, flatulence and diarrhoea. The decrease in lactase production with age is genetically determined.

Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) or fructosemia

IHF is a genetic disease in which there is a deficiency of aldolase B, an enzyme that allows the metabolisation of fructose. This disease prevents the proper digestion of any food containing fructose, sucrose or sorbitol. Consumption of foods containing these substances can lead to severe hypoglycaemia and severe liver and kidney failure.

Histamine intolerance

Histamine intolerance is a disease caused by the body’s inability to break down histamine. It accumulates in the plasma and binds to histamine receptors throughout the body, causing a wide range of symptoms affecting various organs. Histamine degradation is carried out in the intestine by the enzymes DAO and HNMT, whose activity and degradation capacity is affected by genetics.

My Pharma

Personalised medicine test

• MyPharma is a genetic test that determines the presence/absence of problematic genetic variants associated with drugs.

• MyPharma helps to establish a more effective and safer pharmacological treatment, as it allows to characterise the patient’s response to a wide range of drugs.

• MyPharma is a non-invasive test. DNA is obtained from a saliva sample, is completely painless and is suitable for any person of any age.

• MyPharma is performed once in a lifetime, your genetics do not change.

• MyPharma analyses genetic markers with the highest level of scientific evidence.

• Innovative technology that offers greater precision and depth in the results.

• Once the sample has been received in the laboratory, you will receive your results within a maximum of 20 days.

Who is MyPharma aimed at?

To all professionals who wish to develop a pharmacological treatment with one or more drugs included in any of the MyPharma tests, and to those whose patients are already receiving treatment with any of the drugs analysed and who present adverse reactions and/or an inefficient response.

What is MyPharma for?

MyPharma tests determine the presence/absence of problematic genetic variants associated with a wide range of medicines. This genetic information makes it possible to know:

• Which drug and/or at what dose offers the greatest therapeutic benefits.

• Which drug and/or at what dose adverse reactions are less likely to occur.

OPTIMISE AND PERSONALISE TREATMENTS THROUGH GENETICS

MINIMISE THE RISKS AND MAXIMISE THE BENEFITS OF THE MEDICATION

In a broad sense, personalised medicine could be defined as medicine specifically adapted to each individual, not thinking of a group or set within the population, but of each person, so that treatments are adjusted as much as possible to the specific individual characteristics of each patient.

This concept is linked to knowledge of the patient’s genetics, since both the genome and the environment are responsible for the phenotype of the individual, which is the set of visible characteristics that an individual presents as a result of the interaction between his or her genotype and the environment.

What do the MyPharma tests analyse?

These tests analyse genetic markers involved in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a wide range of drugs. Overgenes has different MyPharma tests, each of which analyses different groups of drugs:

• MyPharma Genetics: most common and widely used drugs.

• MyPharma Pain: drugs for the treatment of pain.

• MyPharma Neuro: drugs related to mental health.

• MyPharma Onco: drugs for cancer treatment.

The following table shows the groups of drugs analysed by each test: